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Attributes & Emblems

Virgin Martyrs: Catherine's Wheel and the Palm

Virgin martyrs carrying the instrument that killed them: Catherine's wheel, Barbara's tower, Lucy's eyes, Agnes's lamb.

44 paintings of saints, dated 1470–1921. Painters with the most works here: Domenico Beccafumi (4), Caravaggio (3) and Lorenzo Lotto (3).

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The virgin martyrs carry the instrument of their own death: Catherine the spiked wheel, Barbara the tower she was shut in, Agnes a lamb for her name, Lucy her eyes on a dish, Apollonia the pincers that took her teeth, Cecilia an organ. The palm branch is common to all of them and marks martyrdom itself. In a group of saints the palm tells you what happened; the object tells you to whom.